Note: I don’t usually bring up
politics in my blog, but these are extraordinary times. However, most of this is more humorous than
serious. Still…
A
friend of mine knows I’m bummed out over the election and keeps sending me “look
at the bright” emails.Bright sides,
however, are for after the fact and I haven't acknowledged that this is over
yet.If anyone can pull out a miracle
it's Donald Trump.He was guided by
angels four years ago, perhaps he will be again.I'm praying.
Actually
the thought of a Joe Biden presidency made remember a verse from an Ezra Pound
poem:
“We choose a knave or an eunuch/To rule
over us.”
-Ezra
Pound from his poem “Hugh Selwyn Mauberly.”
When
you look in the dictionary under “eunuch for a leader” amazingly Joe Biden’s
face shows up.
Of
course one could argue that Donald Trump’s picture would come up for “knave.”
;)
Today is Election Day, and this is one of the biggest
elections (aren’t they all big?) in our history.No we don’t know the results yet, and I’m
voting after work.But they have these
really neat interactive Electoral College maps out there.Here’s one called 270 To Win. I have no
interest in playing with it to evaluate the electoral possibilities, but
someone directed me to use it to identify the states you have lived in and the
states you have visited.Here’s how it
turned up for me.Red is where I have
lived, blue is where I have visited, and grey is never visited.
So my definition of visited is spending at least a few
hours in the state in some activity other than driving through or changing
planes.For instance, I don’t recall
ever spending a night in New Hampshire but I did take a day excursion there
while in Massachusetts.Except for being
born in Italy and my parents immigrating to the US when still a toddler, I have
only lived in one state.Actually I’ve
only lived in one city, New York City.But work over time has taken me across the country, and some vacations
have filled in some more.So, to date I
am missing ten out of the fifty states.
Of course if this Corona virus doesn’t ever go away, I
may never visit another state again.
Another
Halloween, this time marked by the Corona virus, otherwise known as
Covid-19.City officials discouraged
trick-or-treating, but Matthew still wanted to go.Very few people were out trick-or-treating,
and not that many houses were offering.Our expedition was much shorter.Many of the houses that offered candy just put a bunch in a bowl in
front of the stoop for the kids to just take.
OK,
another evil looking costume this year.If you click the tag at the bottom of this on Halloween and read past
year’s posts you will find I do not like evil costumes.Matthew goes this year as some sort of crazy
clown, or is this The Joker from Batman?I don’t know, and I don’t really care.
Matthew
got a reasonable amount, but it mostly consisted of two houses.One
was from one house that normally gives a lot but wasn’t getting ringers.So Matthew profited.The other was from my mother who emptied all
the chocolates she had into his bag.She
wasn’t going to answer the door for anyone else, so she figured let him have
them all.Here she is doing just that.
She’s
been looking a little frail.And
finally, here’s Matthew without the mask.
For the Solemnity of All Saints, from the Book
of Revelation, Rev 7:13-14:
Then one of the elders spoke up
and said to me,
“Who are these wearing white robes, and where did they come from?”
I said to him, “My lord, you are the one who knows.”
He said to me,
“These are the ones who have survived the time of great distress;
they have washed their robes
and made them white in the Blood of the Lamb.”
For this All Saints Day, enjoy Veronica Morrissey’s beautiful rendition of the Litany of the Saints.
Baseball
2020 season is over.We hardly knew
you!The Covid virus, as you may know,
shortened the season to sixty games.The
Los Angeles Dodgers beat the Tampa Bay Rays tp wo the World Series.The Los Angeles media made a big deal of the
Dodgers finally winning after thirty-two years.Well, my beloved Baltimore Orioles haven’t won the World Series since
1983, which makes it thirty-seven years.So you can understand how we Orioles fans have suffered.
As
you may know they have been rebuilding.That’s a nice term for losing.They lost 119 games in 2018 and then 108 in 2019, which is absolutely
horrendous.This year they only lost
35.Ha!But it was only 60 game season, not the usual 162.Still if you project the 35 losses to a 162
game season it would be 94.5 losses.You
can’t have a half game loss.Shall we
round up or down?Let’s round up, so
this year they would have lost 95 games.
Well,
you can see the improvement: 119 to 108 to 95.The improvement was tangible actually.It was a fun season, and for most of the season they were on a better
pace than losing 95 games.It was only a
late season slump which made the numbers worse.
This
blog post is a summary of comments I made on an Orioles blog, Steve Melewski On The Orioles concerning
what was good in 2020 and what wasn’t.I’m
not going to link my comments to a specific posts, just provide them.
The
Offense:
Yes,
from a big picture perspective, I see it the improvement. Offense definitely
improved. Loss of Santander and late season slumps hurt. Don't forget Pat
Valaika's offensive contributions were big. He wound up with a .791 OPS. I
still maintain he should be the starting second baseman.
From
an individual player level, let me just rate them in this way:
Severino
could easily have been in the exceeded expectations category if it weren't for
the last three weeks. I guess he fell into where he would have been expected.
He had to bi-polar seasons. I guess in statistics that would be a double-humped
distribution. Which is the real Sevvy? I think it's more of the beginning of
the year.
I
could have put Sisco in the disappointing column, however his OBP was
excellent, which pushed his OPS into respectability despite his low batting
average. I guess a walk is as good as a hit. Since Adley will not be ready next
year I think we go with the same catching duo.
DJ
Stewart is an interesting one to look at. He only had 88 ABs and his batting
eye is superb. He definitely has power and that's a good thing. I doubt he will
ever contend for a batting title, but I could see Stewart develop into about a
.230 hitter with high OBP and a respectful OPS. I think he just needs more
time.
Mullins
turned into a really nice surprise. That's a respectful batting average, and he
got his slugging up too. He's definitely a major league hitter from the left
side, which makes him a platoon player probably. His numbers would be a little
better if he could improve his OBP. And I have to say, he is a joy to watch in
the outfield. He can run down shots to the outfield with anyone.
Nunez
improved slightly but I'll take that power any day. He was struggling a little
down the stretch. Was he playing hurt? It seemed that way. I really see Nunez
as the next Edwin Encarnacion. 30-40 homer power, drives in runs, and has a
respectable batting average. He hits the ball hard, so I can see that
improving.
Hays
showed signs again of breaking out but injured again. Is this going to happen
every year?
I
don't know what to say about Ruiz. Good fielder with some power but low batting
average, low OBP. Can he get better? He's still only 26, but time is running
out for him.
We
can definitely upgrade at third base.
Hanser
Alberto is my biggest disappointment. At the end of last year going into this
year I was a skeptic on his hitting, despite hitting over .300 last year. Then
he started out on fire and I reversed myself and said he was for real. And then
it was just downhill disappointment. He does not have high exit velocity, which
makes his hitting somewhat lucky. He does not have power. And he does not walk.
He is not for real. He wound up with a .698 OPS. Anyone on the team with a
below .700 OPS has to be consider needing to be replaced.
And
the person to replace Alberto at second is Pat Valaika. What a find! Will he
repeat? I don't know, but he's earned the starting job at second in my opinion.
He needs to bone up on his defense but if he can focus on one position I think
that would help. The more he played the better he got. A .791 OPS and hit in
the clutch! I fell in love with Pat.
I
don't really have anything to add regarding Santander, Iglesias, Mountcastle.
And
Chris Davis is self-explanatory. With Mancini out and expanded rosters, there
was a place for him this year. He’s got to be off the team next year.
Those
are my concluding thoughts on the hitters. I'll get to the pitching when Steve
has a post on that.
###
Starting
Pitching:
Did
the starting pitching really improve?I
guess slightly.True, the starter’s ERA
went down a half run but remember this was only a sixty game season.Pitchers tire over 162 games and we didn’t that
this year.Plus we had a better outfield
defense which could have saved some runs, and, perhaps the important hidden
statistic, the improved bullpen could have saved runs because (1) the starting
pitcher could be taken out earlier before more runs were scored, and (2) the bullpen could have prevented inherited
runners from scoring.I think the
improved ERA is deceptive.
Also
having Cobb for a full year for a change was a plus.His 53 innings would have projected to 143
for a real season.Would he have lasted
the entire 162 games?I don’t know but
he’s as frail as my 86 year old mother who now is averaging a hospital visit
every six months.Looking ahead, ideally
Cobb could be a good trade piece for a team competing.Unless we’re competing next year, I would
trade him if a reasonable offer comes our way this winter.He ended the season healthy.He may not be by next year’s trade deadline.
John
Means is for real.Once he overcame his
personal issues which had to be a major distraction and then overcame some
minor injuries, he pitched even better than last year.He’s an elite pitcher who is a real number
one ace.I don’t follow the business
aspects of baseball but we might want to sign him long term now if it will be a
bargain in the future.
Wojciechowski
is gone.I liked Wojo but he’s proven
he’s not a major league pitcher.He’s
probably a AAA starter who can get called up if one or two of our starters go
down with injuries.
Akin
and Kremer were young, bright spots.I
can see Akin being a mid-rotation starter.Kremer has the potential for better than mid.Now that’s potential, but I would not be
surprised if they regress.They only had
a handful of games each in the majors.Can they sustain a full regular season?I’m skeptical of course.You have
to be.Right now both have to be
considered back end starters for next year but we better have some backup
plans.
Jorge
Lopez was a good pickup and for a while it looked like he realized the
potential he was supposed to have.Then
he got rocked and his ERA ended no different than his historical over six runs
per game.You have to hope that his
well-pitched games were more indicative of his future than his ending ERA, but on
that too I would be skeptical.He’ll
have his chance once again next year.
LeBlanc
didn’t prove out.Milone was a nice
pickup and a nice flip for a trade.Is
he a free agent again?Should we consider
re-signing him if he is?I would.We’re going to need arms for a 162 game
season.
Right
now we have Means, Cobb, Lopez, Akin, and Kremer as starters.We’re going to need at least eight over the
course of the year given Akin and Kremer have never been through 162
games.Who else?Eschleman I guess.He improved this year.There’s nothing impressive about his stuff
but he was decent.You could give
Zimmerman a try as starter.He didn’t
get a full chance yet.Valdez maybe as
starter.Some of the younger arms will
be moving up next year but I doubt in the first half.
We
need to sign starters just so we have enough arms to make it through a 162 game
season.Starting pitching is our weakest
part of the game.It’s what prevents us
for competing for a wildcard spot.
###
Relief
Pitching:
The
bullpen was excellent this year.I could
see it coming together from the developments at the end of 2019.Going from the 2019 ERA of 5.79 to 3.90 may
be the single most important stat for our improved record this year.Relief pitchers in today's game pitch over 50%
of the total innings.Having a good to
great bullpen is an absolute must.
Can
we get better?I think so.I would take Paul Frey's, Tanner Scott's,
Dillon Tate's, Travis Laskin's, and Shawn Armstrong's numbers next year exactly
as they were this year.But I can also
see Scott's, Tate's and Laskin's numbers improving still.Cole Solser is not a closer - he was in the
wrong role - but with better situational calls he should improve, and perhaps
improve quite a bit.
Hunter
Harvey needs to have an injury free season.He's going to be known as the bullpen version of Alex Cobb.He's got great stuff.He definitely could be the shutdown closer
every team needs.I have to believe we
will see much more of a contribution from Hunter next year.Dillon Tate too needs to get injury
free.Hunter and Tate have potentially
dominating stuff, as does Tanner Scott.Those three have the potential to be elite relief pitchers.
I
also liked how Brandon Kline pitched this year.I think he showed us he can pitch in the majors.He just needs to rack up more innings and
experience.
What
can you say about Valdez?He's a
surprise to all.Will he be our closer
again?Why not?He got the job done to my surprise.I don't know if he'll improve but I hope he
doesn't come down to reality.
As
good as the bullpen was this year, I think it could be even better next year.
If
we're so rich in bullpen assets, do we trade some to improve other parts of our
game?We do have more pitchers coming
out of the minors trying to push their way up.It's probably a good possibility we will trade some.
1) Anthony Santander was
voted Most Valuable Oriole by the media that cover the club. Would he have
gotten your vote or would it be someone else?
2) Cole Sulser led the
club with five saves. Who will lead the 2021 O’s in saves?
3) Who are two or three
pitchers yet to make the majors you can foresee getting a shot to make at least
one start next year?
4) Which two teams will
play in the World Series and who wins?
5) We saw a 16-team field
this year. How many teams will make the playoffs next year?
6) Will Chris Davis be on
the roster on opening day?
7) Predict the month and
year that Adley Rutschman makes his major league debut.
8) Should Major League
Baseball continue to place a runner at second base for extra-inning games?
9) Who will make the most
starts batting leadoff for the Orioles in 2021?
10) In what year will the
O’s return to the playoffs?
My
answers:
1)
No. I believe Jose Iglesias should have been the MVO. They both had shortened
seasons because of injuries but they both wound up with nearly the same number
of at bats. Iglesias had a much higher OPS and his defense at short is worth
way more than Santander's in right. And Iglesias was the veteran who the team
turned for leadership.
2)
I'm going to go with Tanner Scott, but I can also see Dillon Tate being the
closer.
3)
Hard to say since there wasn't really a minor league season this year. I guess
Baumann. Maybe Lowther. Maybe one of the recent pickups from the trades.
4)
Dodgers will beat the Rays in seven.
5)
16 teams making the playoffs is a disgrace. Three division winners plus one
wildcard for each league, and the wildcard can be selected by a one game
playoff between the two best records that did not win a division. I think of
that as one wildcard winner. But if you want to count that as two, then it's
five teams from each league.
6)
I can't see it. No.
7)
September 2021
8)
Hell no. It's unearned. Why don't you make it so every inning start this way if
it's so interesting and exciting. Bull dung. It's a corruption of the game.
9)
Cedric Mullins. He's an above average left handed hitter.
10)
2021 if starting pitching shocks us. It's really what's holding us back from a .500
record. Realistically, 2022.
One
re-assessment:
After reading everyone’s
comments, I have been persuaded to change one, number seven. Yeah, it’s
unlikely Adley makes the majors next year. Probably 2022 and by the All Star
game.
Finally, brothers, whatever is
true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is
lovely, whatever is gracious, if there is any excellence and if there is
anything worthy of praise, think about these things.
Phil 4:8.Think about these things, the exhortation says.What things does he mean?Can you name some things that are true,
honorable, just, pure, lovely, gracious, excellent, and worthy of praise?The Blessed Mother comes to mind.What else?
Part
1: Samgrass and Sebastian have returned from the Levant and after Christmas
Samgrass provides the family a projection presentation of the photographs.In time it is revealed that Sebastian escaped
Samgrass at the Levant to drink away most of moths there.It is also revealed that Sebastian escaped
Samgrass again once in England over Christmas, again to soak in alcohol.The family plans to fox hunting one day, and
Sebastian rides off escaping the hunt by drinking at an inn with money given to
him by Charles.Charles is found out and
leaves Brideshead in disgrace.
Part
2: Back in Paris returned to his art studies, Charles has Rex suddenly turn up
at his apartment.He had been taking
Sebastian to Zurich to a doctor but Sebastian had given him the slip.Rex and Charles go out to dinner to discuss
the events at Brideshead.Lady Marchmain
has forgiven Charles since Cordelia herself snuck drink to Sebastian.Rex and Julia have become engaged and have
made plans to marry.Later Charles
learns that they have married in a manner opposite to their plans.
Book
2 Chapter 2
Charles
as narrator, from a vantage point of many years later, informs the reader of
the events of Julia’s history from those Oxford days to her marriage.He starts with the difficulties of Julia
making a proper marriage given her class and Catholicism.Despite his unsuitability, Julia found
herself attracted to Rex Mottram, and after some crafty and perhaps dishonest
courting from Rex, the two were engaged, despite significant opposition from
Julia’s mother.After the secret
engagement went public, Lady Marchmain forbid the marriage and was going to
take Julia away, when Rex contacted Lord Marchmain for his permission which was
granted.Rex decides he will convert to
Catholicism for the grand wedding and for the family and takes on instruction
in the faith.Just as the wedding is
weeks away, Bridey finds out that Rex has been married before and divorced and
so cannot marry in a Catholic Church.What was planned to be a semi-royal wedding devolved into a rushed and
“squalid” one.
Charles
has learned of all this from Julia, who at some point in the future from the
Oxford days had confided to Charles all her nitty personal details.
###
I
found the instruction of Rex into the Catholic faith to be hilarious.Here’s Fr. Mowbray telling Lady Marchmain and
Cordelia about one of their lessons.
“Take yesterday. He
seemed to be doing very well. He learned large bits of the catechism by heart,
and the Lord’s Prayer, and the Hail Mary. Then I asked him as usual if there
was anything troubling him, and he looked at me in a crafty way and said,
‘Look, Father, I don’t think you’re being straight with me. I want to join your
Church and I’m going to join your Church, but you’re holding too much back.’ I
asked what he meant, and he said: ‘I’ve had a long talk with a Catholic—a very
pious, well-educated one, and I’ve learned a thing or two. For instance, that
you have to sleep with your feet pointing East because that’s the direction of
heaven, and if you die in the night you can walk there. Now I’ll sleep with my
feet pointing any way that suits Julia, but d’you expect a grown man to believe
about walking to heaven? And what about the Pope who made one of his horses a
Cardinal? And what about the box you keep in the church porch, and if you put
in a pound note with someone’s name on it, they get sent to hell. I don’t say
there mayn’t be a good reason for all this,’ he said, ‘but you ought to tell me
about it and not let me find out for myself.’ ”
“What can the poor man
have meant?” said Lady Marchmain.
“You see he’s a long way
from the Church yet,” said Father Mowbray.
“But who can he have been
talking to? Did he dream it all? Cordelia, what’s the matter?”
“What a chump! Oh, mummy,
what a glorious chump!”
“Cordelia, it was you.”
“Oh, mummy, who could
have dreamed he’d swallow it? I told him such a lot besides. About the sacred
monkeys in the Vatican—all kinds of things.”(pp. 223-224)
Waugh
has this ability to be both serious and comedic at the same time.
###
When
Charles admits he has given Sebastian money to go drink in Book 2, chapter 1
and Lady Marchmain reprimands him, Charles takes leave of Brideshead for he
thinks at the moment will be the last time, he sums up his life to that
point.It’s an inflection point in the
novel and worth quoting.I’ll start with
that morning with Sebastian.
Next morning I said to
Sebastian: “Tell me honestly, do you want me to stay on here?”
“No, Charles, I don’t
believe I do.”
“I’m no help?”
“No help.”
So I went to make my
excuses to his mother.
“There’s something I must
ask you, Charles. Did you give Sebastian money yesterday?”
“Yes.”
“Knowing how he was
likely to spend it?”
“Yes.”
“I don’t understand it,”
she said. “I simply don’t understand how anyone can be so callously wicked.”
She paused, but I do not
think she expected any answer; there was nothing I could say unless I were to
start all over again on that familiar, endless argument.
“I’m not going to
reproach you,” she said. “God knows it’s not for me to reproach anyone. Any
failure in my children is my failure. But I don’t understand it. I don’t
understand how you can have been so nice in so many ways, and then do something
so wantonly cruel. I don’t understand how we all liked you so much. Did you
hate us all the time? I don’t understand how we deserved it.”
I was unmoved; there was
no part of me remotely touched by her distress. It was as I had often imagined
being expelled from school. I almost expected to hear her say: “I have already
written to inform your unhappy father.” But as I drove away and turned back in
the car to take what promised to be my last view of the house, I felt that I
was leaving part of myself behind, and that wherever I went afterwards I should
feel the lack of it, and search for it hopelessly, as ghosts are said to do,
frequenting the spots where they buried material treasures without which they
cannot pay their way to the nether world.
“I shall not go back,” I
said to myself.
A door had shut, the low
door in the wall I had sought and found in Oxford; open it now and I should
find no enchanted garden.
I had come to the
surface, into the light of common day and the fresh sea-air, after long
captivity in the sunless coral palaces and waving forests of the ocean bed.
I had left behind
me—what? Youth? Adolescence? Romance? The conjuring stuff of these things, “the
Young Magician’s Compendium,” that neat cabinet where the ebony wand had its
place beside the delusive billiard balls, the penny that folded double, and the
feather flowers that could be drawn into a hollow candle.
“I have left behind
illusion,” I said to myself. “Henceforth I live in a world of three
dimensions—with the aid of my five senses.”
I have since learned that
there is no such world, but then, as the car turned out of sight of the house,
I thought it took no finding, but lay all about me at the end of the avenue.
Waugh, Evelyn. Brideshead
Revisited (p. 193-5). Little, Brown and Company. Kindle Edition.
It’s
a remarkable description of a loss of innocence.After the rejection of Sebastian’s friendship,
after the crises of being reprimanded by his mother, Charles gives provides a
metaphor of rising from under the ocean and poking up over the water’s surface
and finding the “light of common day.”The enchanting magic of youth, the illusion of wonder disintegrates as
he looks back at that romantic castle for the last time.The magic is gone and the common is about
him.
###
My
Reply to Kerstin, who didn’t see it as a loss of
innocence:
"I had left behind
me—what? Youth? Adolescence? Romance?" “I have left behind illusion,"
"I have since learned that there is no such world."
How else to read that but
loss of innocence?
Irene
Replied, also unsure if it was a loss of innocence:
I am not sure if
"loss of innocence" is the term I would use, but maybe it fits. It is
certainly the first time we see Charles having to face moral responsibility in
a clear way. Even though he knew that he was asked not to supply Sabastian with
money or alcohol for his own good, even though he recognized the harmful effect
alcohol was having on Sabastian's life, he gave him the money. Whether we attribute
his motivation to the inability to resist peer pressure or the desire to be
liked by his friend or a moral laziness that took the easy way out in the
situation, he did what he knew would harm his friend and the family that was
offering him hospitality. Unlike the self justification or righteous
indignation of a child when punished for an offense, this time, he understood
the magnitude of his offense
My
Reply to Irene:
I get where you see that
Irene, but I'm not so sure that's how Waugh intended it. I'm not sure Charles
feels he was all that wrong to give Sebastian money for drink. Even Cordelia later
gets him alcohol.
What I think Charles
feels is that it has been a no win situation. If he didn't give Sebastian
money, then his friendship might have ended. If he does, he upsets Sebastian's
family. If he lets Sebastian drink, Sebastian is hurt from the alcohol. But if
he doesn't then Sebastian is hurt emotionally, maybe spiritually. This
impossible situation I think is why he feels a loss of innocence.
At least that's how I
read it, but this is a very hard novel to feel confident in one's reading
Mark
Replied, also unsatisfied with characterizing it as a loss of
innocence:
Is disillusionment
equivalent to loss of innocence? Are only the innocent subject to illusions and
the desire for illusionary things? Is innocence equivalent to living in an
illusionary state? I don't find myself ready to come down one one side of that
question or the other. It seems perhaps to identify innocence too much with
lack of knowledge.
My
Reply to Mark:
Good point there is a distinction
between disillusionment and loss of innocence. Disillusionment is Charles'
word. That's not necessarily Waugh speaking, but the character. Perhaps the
scene is no longer fresh in my mind, but what exactly is he disillusioned from?
That Sebastian was his friend? Possibly.
I used "loss of
innocence" based on this:
I had left behind
me—what? Youth? Adolescence? Romance? The conjuring stuff of these things, “the
Young Magician’s Compendium,” that neat cabinet where the ebony wand had its
place beside the delusive billiard balls, the penny that folded double, and the
feather flowers that could be drawn into a hollow candle.
“I have left behind
illusion,” I said to myself. “Henceforth I live in a world of three
dimensions—with the aid of my five senses.”
Leaving behind youth is
leaving behind innocence. And he has a progression: youth, adolescence,
romance. Is Charles over ruling that first thought or amplifying it? Living in
a "world of three dimensions" implies a hard reality of life has hit him.
I think that is a loss of innocence. So while disillusionment and loss of
innocence are not completely synonymous, I think Charles means both. I think he
means he has lost his sense of innocence and the means of that loss is
disillusionment.
My
Reply to Mark, who brought up Waugh’s use of alcohol in
another novel:
Mark wrote: "I find this business of
Charles being expelled for giving Sebastian drink (or the means to obtain it)
particularly interesting because he uses this device again in the Sword of
Honor trilogy when G...
Is this Waugh doubling down on the theme that physical and psychological health
are of little consequence compared to spiritual health?"
It could be yes. But it also strikes me as the author's values are not in line
with general society. Was Waugh an alcoholic himself? I don't know. I have seen
places where he drank heavily. It could be that his view of alcohol was
different than his general society. I'm not speaking of our society's view
today. I don't get the feeling that Waugh sees drinking to being drunk as a
negative thing. Sort of like in Hemingway.
My other thought on that is that he's playing off a Catholic trope of the time.
Catholics were supposed to be free in taking alcohol while Protestants
restrained. In fact Baptists ban it outright even today. Prohibition in the US
was pushed by Protestant groups. You see this in Hemingway too. I think this
was mentioned in Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises.
My
Reply to Frances, also on the alcohol scene:
Frances, the term
"enabling" is a contemporary term and outside of Waugh's ken. But it
doesn't strike me that Waugh thinks giving alcohol to an alcoholic is not
necessarily a bad thing. It strikes me that his values on this subject run
contrary to most.