I’ve been reading Catherine
of Siena by the Nobel Prize Winning author Sigrid Undset. I
scheduled this reading as my Lenten read, in that the biography is that of Saint Catherine of Siena, the fourteenth century saint who is also a Doctor of the
Church.
So far I’m about a third of the way in. Her early life has been covered, and I can’t
wait to read more. These two excerpts
are from chapter 2, which covers her adolescence and I think provides a good
insight into her nature. The names
mentioned in these passages are the following: Lapa is Catherine’s mother,
Bonaventura is Catherine’s favorite older sister, Raimondo is her confessor and
first biographer, and Jacopo is her father.
It was the custom in Italian towns
that once a girl was twelve years old she could not go out unless accompanied
by an older woman. She was considered
more or less of an age to be married, and her parents must now begin to look
around for a suitable husband. When
Catherine had reached her twelfth year, therefore, there came an end to running
errands for her mother or slipping out to visit her married sisters. Her parents and brothers hoped that they
would be able to find a husband for her who would bring honor and advantages to
the whole family. Lapa was especially
happy, sure that she would find a remarkable man for her darling, the charming
and sensible youngest daughter.
But when Lapa told the young girl
that now the time was come to try to make the very best of her beautiful
appearance, arrange her lovely hair in the way that suited her best, wash her
face more often, and avoid anything which could spoil her delicate complexion
and white throat, she was bitterly disappointed. Catherine was not the least keen to make
herself beautiful for the sake of young men: on the contrary, it seemed as
though she shunned their company and did everything she could not to be seen by
them. She fled even from the apprentices
and assistants who lived in their house, “as though they were snakes.” She never stood at the front door or leaned
out of the window to look at the passers-by and be seen by them.
Lapa sought the help of Bonaventura
to make Catherine more amenable. Lapa
knew how extremely fond Catherine was of her elder sister, and for a while it
really seemed that Bonaventura succeeded in making the child slightly more
obedient to her mother, so that she began to take more care of her
appearance. According to what Raimondo
says, Catherine was never a startling beauty, but young and vivacious as she
was, slim, with fair skin, beautiful dark eyes and an abundance of that shining
golden-brown hair which Italians have always admired so much, she must have
been an extraordinarily attractive young woman.
[Excerpts from Catherine
of Siena by Sigrid Undset, Translation by Kate Austin-Lund, Ignatius
Press, San Francisco, 2009. p. 19-20]
And after Catherine rejects marriage we see her family
tightens the screws. Catherine then rebels:
It was perhaps Jacopo who had the
idea of sending for a Dominican monk who was an old friend of the family in
order to see if he could persuade Catherine to comply with the family’s
plans. It was Fra Tommaso della Fonte,
who had once been brought up with Catherine.
She confessed to him that she had already promised Christ that she would
be His alone as long as she lived. Fra
Tommaso could only advise her to meet the hardness which her family showed her
so resolutely that they would have at last to understand that she would never
give in. And Fra Tommaso thought that if
she were to cut off her hair, which was her greatest beauty, perhaps they would
leave her in peace.
Catherine accepted this advice as though
it came from heaven. She immediately
fetched a pair of scissors and cut off her lovely golden-brown plaits close to
the head. Then she tied a little veil
over her shorn head. It was against the
custom of that time for an unmarried woman to cover her hair, so when Lapa saw
her daughter with this extraordinary headdress she immediately rushed up to her
and asked what it meant. The girl dared
not tell her the truth and would not tell a lie, so she did not answer. Lapa tore off the veil, and when she saw her
beautiful daughter standing there so disfigured she sobbed with sorrow and
fury: “Child, child, how could you do such a thing to me?” Silently the girl put on her veil again. But when Jacopo and the boys came hurrying
in, startled by Lapa’s shrieks and tears, and heard what had happened, they
threw themselves upon Catherine in fury.
To make matters worse for Catherine
she had now a suitor, a young man whom the Benincasas were very intent on
bringing into the family. So they abused
her roundly. “You wicked girl, do you
imagine that you can escape our authority by cutting off your hair? It will grow again, and you shall be married,
even if it breaks your heart. You shall
never have any peace or quiet until you give in and do as we say.”
[p23-4]
That was pretty dramatic, reminiscent of St. Francis of
Assisi stripping himself in front of his father. Her family would go on to make her life at
home very difficult. But Catherine
persevered.
The Holy Spirit had taught her how
to build herself an inner cell, a place of refuge where she could pray and
think of her Beloved, and from this no one could recall her; here no one could
come and disturb her. “The Kingdom of
God is within you”: now she understood the meaning of those words, spoken by Him
who is truth itself. Within us—it is
there that the gifts of the Holy Spirit are poured out upon us to perfect our
natural talents, to break down internal and external obstacles. If we passionately desire the true good, the
heavenly Guest comes and lives within us—He who has said “Be of good courage, I
have conquered the world.”
Catherine trusted in Him, and felt
that a cell, not built by human hands, was formed within her, so that she had
no need to regret what they had taken from her the little cell of wood and
stone. Later she used to advise her
disciples when they complained of being so overburdened with the problems of
the world that they never found quiet to meet God or to drink of the spring by
which they lived: “Build an inner cell in your soul and never leave it.” Raimondo admits that he did not understand
these words of his “mother” at once, but “it is extraordinary to see how I and
all who have lived near her understand all her actions and words much better
now than in those days when we had her beside us.”
[p. 25]
Sigrid Undset is an interesting woman in her own right as
you can read in the Wikipedia entry. She
was Norwegian, though actually born in Denmark,
and she grew up in a secular, atheist home but mid way through her life, after
a failed marriage, had a crises of faith, and ultimately converted to
Catholicism. She certainly must have had
her share of suffering. Two of her three
children died while she was alive, her son killed fighting the Nazis. While in exile during the war she lived in
Brooklyn, NY, where I grew up, though not the same neighborhood. She was independent, outspoken, and deplored
the growing moral relativism. I can see
in this biography she thoroughly understood Catholic theology; she was a ThirdOrder Dominican herself. Undset
is known for her great work, a trilogy of novels, which go by the name of Kristin Lavransdatter. I’ve never read any of her works before, but I
certainly intend to read that one eventually.
The work centers on the life of the title character, set in the middle
ages in Scandinavia. Undset is supposed
to have done a lot of historical research to accurately portray the lives. Unfortunately the trilogy amounts to over a
thousand pages, and so is a commitment of time.
I will certainly get to it though.
