"Love follows knowledge."
"Beauty above all beauty!"
– St. Catherine of Siena

Wednesday, September 23, 2020

Utopia by St. Thomas More, Part 1

We’re reading Sir St. Thomas More’s Utopia.  More speaking in first person, narrates a fictional discussion with a fictional character named Raphael Hythlodaeus.  Raphael tells him of a certain island that has formed a perfect government.  In my edition, the description of Utopia starts on page 45, which a more than a quarter of the way through the entire book.  Here, Raphael is speaking, starting his description:


“The island of Utopia is in the middle two hundred miles broad, and holds almost at the same breadth over a great part of it, but it grows narrower towards both ends. Its figure is not unlike a crescent. Between its horns the sea comes in eleven miles broad, and spreads itself into a great bay, which is environed with land to the compass of about five hundred miles, and is well secured from winds.  In this bay there is no great current; the whole coast is, as it were, one continued harbour, which gives all that live in the island great convenience for mutual commerce. But the entry into the bay, occasioned by rocks on the one hand and shallows on the other, is very dangerous. In the middle of it there is one single rock which appears above water, and may, therefore, easily be avoided; and on the top of it there is a tower, in which a garrison is kept; the other rocks lie under water, and are very dangerous. The channel is known only to the natives; so that if any stranger should enter into the bay without one of their pilots he would run great danger of shipwreck. For even they themselves could not pass it safe if some marks that are on the coast did not direct their way; and if these should be but a little shifted, any fleet that might come against them, how great soever it were, would be certainly lost. On the other side of the island there are likewise many harbours; and the coast is so fortified, both by nature and art, that a small number of men can hinder the descent of a great army. But they report (and there remains good marks of it to make it credible) that this was no island at first, but a part of the continent. Utopus, that conquered it (whose name it still carries, for Abraxa was its first name), brought the rude and uncivilised inhabitants into such a good government, and to that measure of politeness, that they now far excel all the rest of mankind. Having soon subdued them, he designed to separate them from the continent, and to bring the sea quite round them. To accomplish this he ordered a deep channel to be dug, fifteen miles long; and that the natives might not think he treated them like slaves, he not only forced the inhabitants, but also his own soldiers, to labour in carrying it on. As he set a vast number of men to work, he, beyond all men’s expectations, brought it to a speedy conclusion. And his neighbours, who at first laughed at the folly of the undertaking, no sooner saw it brought to perfection than they were struck with admiration and terror.”  [Sir Saint Thomas More. Utopia (p. 45-6). Kypros Press. Kindle Edition.]

The book was originally published in Latin in 1516, when More was thirty-eight years old.  It is interesting and not surprising that so much literature of the time had to do with remote countries and exotic people.  This book was published only twenty-four years from Columbus’ crossing of the Atlantic.  I wonder if More’s book was the first such genre of literature.  An English translation was first published in 1551, some sixteen years after More’s famous beheading.

###

Kerstin Commented:
I suppose in those days one could really let the fantasy roam and describe a place that was for all intents and purposes terra incognita.

To me the description of the island serves to point out how inaccessible and remote it is. Only in this isolation a utopian society can emerge.

My Reply:

Good point. I've been trying to see if this genre has a name. I would call it Voyage Literature. Sort of a voyage to a strange and exotic land. As I think of it, this genre has never gone away. It's now voyaging to strange and exotic planets as part of science fiction.



No comments:

Post a Comment