Here
are some thoughts from my reading the three Letters of John. We are also reading them at my Goodreads Catholic
Thought book club, so you might see some back and forth exchanges.
What
strikes me early on in the first letter is how the motifs are similar with
John’s Gospel. Here’s the first chapter.
1 What was from the
beginning, what we have heard, what we have seen with our eyes, what we looked
upon and touched with our hands concerns the Word of life—
2 for the life was made
visible; we have seen it and testify to it and proclaim to you the eternal life
that was with the Father and was made visible to us—
3 what we have seen and
heard we proclaim now to you, so that you too may have fellowship with us; for
our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son, Jesus Christ.
4 We are writing this so
that our joy may be complete. God is
Light.
5 Now this is the message
that we have heard from him and proclaim to you: God is light, and in him there
is no darkness at all.
6 If we say, “We have
fellowship with him,” while we continue to walk in darkness, we lie and do not
act in truth.
7 But if we walk in the
light as he is in the light, then we have fellowship with one another, and the
blood of his Son Jesus cleanses us from all sin.
8 If we say, “We are without
sin,” we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.
9 If we acknowledge our
sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive our sins and cleanse us from
every wrongdoing.
10 If we say, “We have
not sinned,” we make him a liar, and his word is not in us.
Compare
with the opening lines of John’s Gospel:
1 In the beginning was
the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
2 He was in the beginning
with God.
3 All things came to be
through him, and without him nothing came to be. What came to be
4 through him was life, and
this life was the light of the human race;
5 the light shines in the
darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it.
“Beginning,”
“Word,” “light,” “darkness,” “God is light.”
The words overlap. I’m not going
to copy back and forth, but read chapters 15 and 17 where Jesus gives his
discourses and see how many themes and phrasing are shared between the Gospel
and this letter. Now this is in
translation, so one can't be definitive about rhythm, but even the rhythm of
the language seems to be very similar.
Presumably
there are always questions to who actually wrote the Gospels, and of course we
don’t know for sure that the author of the fourth Gospel and these letters was
actually St. John, but I don’t think there can be any doubt that it’s one and
the same person. By the way, I’m
convinced it’s St. John the Evangelist.
Rhetorically
I find that first chapter fascinating.
Here’s that sentence without any line breaks:
“What was from the
beginning, what we have heard, what we have seen with our eyes, what we looked
upon and touched with our hands concerns the Word of life—for the life was made
visible; we have seen it and testify to it and proclaim to you the eternal life
that was with the Father and was made visible to us—what we have seen and heard
we proclaim now to you, so that you too may have fellowship with us; for our
fellowship is with the Father and with his Son, Jesus Christ.”
Four
parallel noun phrases beginning with “what” starts the sentence. The last three emphasize that “we”—and who
“we” is supposed to include is undetermined—physically knew and can testify to
the “Word” having come to earth and was made “visible.” And then tells you why: so that “you” too—and
“you” also being undetermined—may have fellowship with God. He actually testifies three times in that
sentence. The first leading up to the
dashed off section, the second inside the dashed section, and then even a third
time at the beginning of the clause after the dashed section.
Indeed,
repetition is a wonderful, poetic device here.
How many times does he repeat phrasings and words: “heard,” “seen,”
“visible,” “fellowship,” “light,” “darkness,” “God is light,” “sin,” and so
on. And yet it never feels like boring
writing.
###
The
first letter is just packed with theological points. I tend to reduce John’s
letters down to love, love, love. And rightly so because love is at the central
part of his theology. Love is so central, he could have been one of the
Beatles. “All you need is love.” Haha, but that’s simplifying. John makes some
complex theological points, and I’m probably not qualified to fully elucidate
them. Look at the opening verses from chapter three.
1 See what love the
Father has bestowed on us that we may be called the children of God. Yet so we
are. The reason the world does not know us is that it did not know him.
2 Beloved, we are God’s
children now; what we shall be has not yet been revealed. We do know that when
it is revealed we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is.
3 Everyone who has this
hope based on him makes himself pure, as he is pure.
Through
our baptism—or perhaps something less formal, such as identifying ourselves as
Christians—we have become children of God, which elsewhere I think is referred
to as adoption. We then become the heirs of God and ultimately joined with Him.
It
is said that in John (both the Gospel and Letters) creates strict demarcations,
perhaps even polarized dichotomies. Here he divides children of God with those
who are not, those that know Him and those that don’t, those that are pure and
those that are not.
4 Everyone who commits
sin commits lawlessness, for sin is lawlessness.
5 You know that he was
revealed to take away sins, and in him there is no sin.
6 No one who remains in
him sins; no one who sins has seen him or known him.
7 Children, let no one
deceive you. The person who acts in righteousness is righteous, just as he is
righteous.
8 Whoever sins belongs to
the devil, because the devil has sinned from the beginning. Indeed, the Son of
God was revealed to destroy the works of the devil.
9 No one who is begotten
by God commits sin, because God’s seed remains in him; he cannot sin because he
is begotten by God.
10 In this way, the
children of God and the children of the devil are made plain; no one who fails
to act in righteousness belongs to God, nor anyone who does not love his
brother.
11 For this is the
message you have heard from the beginning: we should love one another,
12 unlike Cain who
belonged to the evil one and slaughtered his brother. Why did he slaughter him?
Because his own works were evil, and those of his brother righteous.
Look
at the demarcations here: Those who commit sins and those that do not. Those
who were privileged to have Him revealed and those who were not. Those who are
righteous and those who are not. Those who belong to the devil (because they
sin) and those who do not. Those who love one another and those who do not.
There doesn’t seem to be any middle ground. I don’t know about you, but I still
sin. Perhaps he’s referring to mortal sin. He goes on to augment his point.
13 Do not be amazed,
[then,] brothers, if the world hates you.
14 We know that we have
passed from death to life because we love our brothers. Whoever does not love
remains in death.
15 Everyone who hates his
brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life remaining
in him.
16 The way we came to
know love was that he laid down his life for us; so we ought to lay down our
lives for our brothers.
17 If someone who has
worldly means sees a brother in need and refuses him compassion, how can the
love of God remain in him?
18 Children, let us love
not in word or speech but in deed and truth.
There
is another dichotomy: those who are in death (because they do not love) and
those that are in life. And that leads to his central point.
19 [Now] this is how we
shall know that we belong to the truth and reassure our hearts before him
20 in whatever our hearts
condemn, for God is greater than our hearts and knows everything.
21 Beloved, if [our]
hearts do not condemn us, we have confidence in God
22 and receive from him
whatever we ask, because we keep his commandments and do what pleases him.
23 And his commandment is
this: we should believe in the name of his Son, Jesus Christ, and love one
another just as he commanded us.
24 Those who keep his
commandments remain in him, and he in them, and the way we know that he remains
in us is from the Spirit that he gave us.
How
do we know if we are children of God? Because if we have love in our hearts,
then we will follow His commandment to love one another as He loved in the
world. We will know this through the Holy Spirit.
I’m
not sure if my exegesis is correct or complete, but I hope I’ve at least
highlighted the complexity of John’s thought. It’s more complicated than a
Beatles song. ;)
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